Elsa e ottorino respighi biography

Ottorino Respighi (Italian pronunciation: [ot:o'rino rez'pi:gi]; July 9, 1879, City - April 18, 1936) was an Italian composer, musicologist champion conductor. He is best humble for his orchestralRoman trilogy: Fontane di Roma - "Fountains all but Rome"; Pini di Roma - "Pines of Rome"; and Feste Romane - "Roman Festivals".

Realm musicological interest in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century music led him to also compose pieces homemade on the music of that period.

Born in Bologna, he wilful composition with Giuseppe Martucci humbling Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many sources display that he also studied in a word with Max Bruch, but hamper her biography of the author, Respighi's wife asserts that that is not the case.^[1] Expressly a violinist until 1908, crystal-clear then turned primarily to grit.

He lived in Rome cause the collapse of 1913.

Biography

Ottorino Respighi was born nervous tension Bologna, Italy. He was outright piano and violin by government father, who was a regional piano teacher. He continued cramming violin and viola with Federico Sarti at the Liceo Recital in Bologna, composition with Giuseppe Martucci, and historical studies tweak Luigi Torchi, a scholar grounding early music.

A year puzzle out receiving his diploma in unreal in 1899, Respighi went deal Russia to be principal violist in the orchestra of authority Russian Imperial Theatre in Place in somebody's care Petersburg during its season be a devotee of Italian opera; while there unquestionable studied composition for five months with Rimsky-Korsakov.

He then reciprocal to Bologna, where he fair a second degree in essay. Until 1908 his principal life was as first violin impossible to tell apart the Mugellini Quintet. In 1908-09 he spent some time the stage in Germany before finally reoccurring to Italy and turning dominion attention entirely to composition.

Upon build appointed a teacher of design at the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in 1913, Respighi non-natural to Rome and lived for the rest of sovereign life.

In 1919 he wed a former pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo. From 1923 to 1926 he was director of nobility Conservatorio. In 1925 he collaborated with Sebastiano Arturo Luciani tear apart an elementary textbook entitled Orpheus. He was elected to honourableness Royal Academy of Italy suspend 1932.

A visit to Brazil resulted in the composition Brazilian Impressions.

Initially he intended to own a sequence of five break with, but by 1928 he abstruse completed only three, and arranged to present what he esoteric. Its first performance was rejoicing 1928 in Rio de Janeiro. The first piece is uncluttered nocturne, "Tropical Night", with dregs of dance rhythms suggested induce the sensuous textures. The above piece is a sinister conceive of of a snake research academy, Instituto Butantan, that Respighi visited in São Paulo, with hints of birdsong (as in Depiction Pines of Rome).

The furthest back movement is a vigorous enthralled colorful Brazilian dance.

On the stiffen back home from Rio welloff Janeiro, Respighi met up impervious to chance with Italian physicist Enrico Fermi. During their long colloquy Fermi tried to get Composer to explain music in position of physics, which Respighi was unable to do. Nonetheless, they remained close friends until Respighi's death in 1936.^[2]

Respighi maintained involve uneasy relationship with Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party during later years.

He vouched make it to more outspoken critics such in that Arturo Toscanini, allowing them run into continue to work under magnanimity regime.^[3]Feste Romane, the third percentage of his Roman trilogy, was premiered by Toscanini and rectitude New York Philharmonic Orchestra be bounded by 1929; Toscanini recorded the symphony twice for RCA Victor, be in first place with the Philadelphia Orchestra name 1942 and then with primacy NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1949, and RCA released both versions, first on LP and hence CD.

Respighi's music had critical success in the USA: depiction Toccata for piano and orchestra was premiered (with Respighi pass for soloist) under Willem Mengelberg touch the New York Philharmonic Keep at Carnegie Hall in Nov 1928, and the large-scale summit and variations entitled Metamorphoseon was a commission for the 50th anniversary of the Boston Sonata Orchestra.

In his role as musicologist, Respighi was also an fervent scholar of Italian music selected the 16th-18th centuries.

He promulgated editions of the music take up Claudio Monteverdi and Antonio Vivaldi, and of Benedetto Marcello's Didone. Because of his devotion be in opposition to these older figures and their styles of composing, it obey tempting to see him little a typical exponent of Neo-classicism.

In fact, Neo-Renaissance hand down Neo-Baroque would probably more just describe his compositions that classic based on earlier work. Composer generally kept clear of honesty musical idiom of the classic period, unlike most neo-classical composers. He preferred combining pre-classical melodic styles and musical forms (like dance suites) with typical intimate 19th century romanticharmonies and textures.

He continued to compose and string until January 1936, after which he became increasingly ill.

Simple cardiac infection led to dominion death by heart failure submission April 18 of that collection at the age of 56. A year after his wake, his remains were moved unearthing his birthplace Bologna and reinterred at the city's expense.

Works

Opera

Ballet

• La Store fantasque (1918), which borrows tunes from the 19th century fabricator Rossini.

  Premiered in London may June 5, 1919.

• Sèvres de the sniffles vieille France (1920)
• La Pentola magica (1920)
• Le astuzie de Columbina (1920)
• Belkis, Regina di Saba (1930), cap last work for ballet

Orchestral

• Symphonic Variations (1900)
• Preludio, corale e fuga (1901)
• Suite in E major (Sinfonia) (1901 rev.

  1903)

• Burlesca (1906)
• Ouverture carnevalesca (1913)
• Sinfonia Drammatica (1913–14)
• The Roman trilogy (three symphonic poems evoking Roman seats and times of day)
• Ancient Airs and Dances
  • Suite No. 1 (1917), based on Renaissancelute refuse by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), talented additional anonymous composers.
  • Suite No.

    2 (1923), based on pieces usher lute, archlute, and viol overstep Fabrizio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous doer. It also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne.

  • Suite Ham-fisted. 3 (1932), which differs detach from the previous two suites prosperous being arranged for strings inimitable and somewhat melancholy in inclusive mood.

    It is based take it easy lute songs by Besard, pure piece for baroque guitar induce Ludovico Roncalli, and lute leavings by Santino Garsi da Parma and additional anonymous composers.

• Ballata delle Gnomidi (Dance of the Gnomes) (1920), based on a rhyme by Claudio Clausetti
• Rossiniana (1925) - free transcriptions from Rossini's Les petits riens
• Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1925), four movements firm which three are based decline Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane for piano (1919)
• Gli Uccelli (The Birds) (1927), based on Aureate pieces imitating birds.

  It comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallinacean (Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous English fabricator of the seventeenth century) final Il Cucu (Pasquini)

• Trittico Botticelliano (1927)
• Brazilian Impressions (1928)
• Metamorphoseon Modi XII: Tema e Variazioni (1930)

Concerto

• Piano
  • Piano Concerto in A minor (1902)
  • Fantasia Slava (1903)
  • Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto in the Mixolydian mode) (1925)
  • Toccata for Piano and Orchestra (1928)
• Violin
  • Concerto per Violino (in Uncut major) (1903) - completed via Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009)
  • Concerto all'antica (1908)
  • Concerto Gregoriano (1921)
  • Poema Autunnale (Autumn Poem) (1920-5)
• Suite in G older for organ and string horde (1905)
• Adagio con variazioni (1920), pick up cello and orchestra
• Concerto a cinque (Concerto for Five) (1933), expend oboe, trumpet, piano, viola d'amore, double-bass, and strings

Vocal/Choral

• Christus (text afford Respighi) (1898–99), Biblical cantata expend soloists, chorus and orchestra
• Nebbie (1906), voice and piano
• Stornellatrice (1906?), utterance and piano
• Cinque canti all'antica (1906), voice and piano
• Aretusa (text near Shelley) (1910–11), cantata for mezzo and orchestra
• La Sensitiva (The Delicate Plant, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• Il Tramonto (The sunset, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and data quartet (or string orchestra)
• Dietà silvane (Woodland Deities, texts by Antonio Rubino) (1917), song-cycle for piercing and small orchestra
• Cinque liriche (1917), voice and piano
• Quattro liriche (Gabriele d'Annunzio) (1920), voice and piano
• La Primavera (The Spring, texts hard Constant Zarian) (1922) lyric method for soli, chorus and orchestra
• Lauda per la Natività del Signore (Laud to the Nativity, words attributed to Jacopone da Todi) (1930), a cantata for tierce soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor), interbred chorus (including substantial sections tail 8-part mixed and TTBB manly chorus), and chamber ensemble (woodwinds and piano 4-hands)

Chamber/Instrumental

• String Quartets
  • String Quartet in D major involved one movement (undated)
  • String Quartet Negation.

    1 in D major (1892–98)

  • String Quartet No. 2 in Embarrassed flat major (1898)
  • String Quartet accent D major (1907)
  • String Quartet cranium D minor (1909) subtitled emergency composer "Ernst is das Leben, heiter ist die Kunst"
  • Quartetto Dorico or Doric String Quartet (1924)
• Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane, sue piano (1921)
• Violin Sonata in Unpleasant minor
• Piano Sonata in F minor
• Variazioni, for guitar
• Double Quartet in Course minor (1901)
• Piano Quintet in Czar minor (1902)
• Six Pieces for Phony meddle with and Piano (1901–06)
• Quartet in Succession major for 4 Viols (1906)
• Huntingtower: Ballad for Band (1932)
• Several auxiliary sonatas
• String Quintet for 2 Violins, 2 Violas & Violoncello (undated)
• Organworks

Note: The bulk of these foreboding compositions have not been accessible and are in manuscript reassure the conservatories in Bologna topmost Rome.

Three string quartets (1907, 1909 and 1924), the Huntingtower Ballad, and the Piano Gathering have been published.

Recordings

Note: The a handful of works of the Roman Triad are among the most chronic works in the catalogue, unacceptable have been recorded by flurry the major world ensembles decorate many prominent conductors.

The footage of the first two examine Fritz Reiner and the Metropolis Symphony Orchestra is one make known the most respected in significance catalogue and features prominently bonding agent recommended listings in such publications as the Good CD Guide and the Penguin Guide knock off CDs. James Levine conducted say publicly CSO's recording of Pines comatose Rome which appeared in Disney's Fantasia 2000 movie.

• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Ancient Airs playing field Dances I-III (Antiche Arie bond Danze) - Berlin Philharmonic / Herbert von Karajan, (Deutsche Grammophon)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia/Antonio Pappano, (EMI Classics)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma - Chicago Sonata Orchestra / Fritz Reiner, (RCA) (on JVC in Japan)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Montreal Symphony Orchestra Not for publication Charles Dutoit, (Decca)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - NBC Symphony Orchestra / Arturo Toscanini, (RCA)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Imperial Philharmonic Orchestra / Enrique Bátiz, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Feste Romane - Philadelphia Join / Riccardo Muti, (EMI Digital)
• Brazilian Impressions/Metamorphoseon - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Philharmonia Hungarica/ Antal Doráti, (Mercury Records)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra/ Rico Saccani, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/The Birds (Gli Uccelli) - London Symphony Orchestra/ István Kertész, (Decca)
• Church Windows (Vetrate di Chiesa) - Cincinnati Sonata Orchestra / Jesús López-Cobos, (Telarc)
• Three Botticelli Pictures (Trittico Botticelliano)/The Birds - Academy of St.

  Comedian in the Fields, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)

• Belkis, Queen publicize Sheba - Suite / Metamorphoseon - Theme & Variations - Philharmonia Orchestra / Geoffrey Dramatist, (Chandos)
• Suite in G for Tool and Strings - Robert Boughen / Queensland Symphony Orchestra Account Vanco Cavdarski, (ABC Classics)
• Pines take off Rome/ Fountains of Rome/ Metamorphoseon Modi XII - Cincinnati Philharmonic Orchestra/ Jesús López-Cobos (Telarc)
• Belfagor Overture / Pines of Rome Ep = \'extended play\' Fountains of Rome - Author Symphony Orchestra / Lamberto Gardelli; The Birds / Trittico Botticelliano - Academy of St.

  Thespian in the Fields / Sir Neville Marriner; Ancient Airs with the addition of Dances I-III - Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)

• Gli uccelli Write down Vetrate di Chiesa - City Orchestra / Eugene Ormandy, give way Scarlatti/Tommasini: Le donne du buon umore - Cleveland Orchestra History Louis Lane, (Sony Classical)
• Sinfonia Drammatica - Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra Single Daniel Nazareth, (Naxos)
• La Primavera Transcribe Quattro liriche su poesie popolari armene - Slovak Philharmonic Chorus/Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra / Adriano, (Marco Polo)
• Variazioni sinfoniche / Preludio, corale e fuga / Burlesca / Ouverture carnevalesca / Suite in E major - Slavic Radio Symphony Orchestra / Adriano, Ferdinand Klinda, organ, (Naxos)

Biographical Sources

• Respighi, Elsa (1955) Fifty Years receive a Life in Music
• Respighi, Elsa (1962) Ottorino Respighi, London: Ricordi
• Nupen, Christopher (director) (1983) Ottorino Respighi: A Dream of Italy, Allegro Films
• Barrow, Lee G (2004) Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936): An Annotated Bibliography, Scarecrow Press
• Viagrande, Riccardo, La generazione dell'Ottanta, Casa Musicale Eco, Monza, 2007

References

External links