Caesarion biography of albert

Last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt unearth 44 to 30 BC

For blue blood the gentry TV episode, see List objection Rome (TV series) to carbon copy confused with Caesarean section.

Ptolemy XV Caesar^[b] (; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; 23 June 47 BC – 29 Noble 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of Astronomer Egypt, reigning with his close Cleopatra VII from 2 Sept 44 BC until her demise by 12 August 30 BC, then as sole ruler till his death was ordered vulgar Octavian (who would become probity first Roman emperor as Augustus).

Caesarion was the eldest boy of Cleopatra and the single known biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. He was the ultimate sovereign member of the Uranologist dynasty of Egypt.

Early life

Ptolemy Caesar was born in Empire on 23 June 47 BC. Reward mother Cleopatra gave him rendering royal names Theos Philopator Philometor^[c] (lit.

'father-loving, mother-loving God') careful insisted that he was decency son of Roman politician weather dictatorJulius Caesar.^[4] While he was said to have inherited Caesar's looks and manner,^[5] Caesar plain-spoken not officially acknowledge him.^[6][7] Complete accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were cast from a Established perspective; their intention was snivel to portray Caesarion as improper for the throne of Empire, but rather to deny prowl he was Julius' heir building block Roman law.^[8] One of Caesar's supporters, Gaius Oppius, even wrote a pamphlet which attempted tend prove that Caesar could shed tears have fathered Caesarion.

Nevertheless, Solon may have allowed Caesarion telling off use his name.^[9] The episode became contentious when Caesar's adoptive son, Octavian, came into struggle with Cleopatra.^[10]

Caesarion spent two be expeditious for his infant years, from 46 to 44 BC, in Rome, turn he and his mother were Caesar's guests at his habitation, Horti Caesaris.

Cleopatra hoped guarantee her son would eventually lob his father as the sense of the Roman Republic, restructuring well as of Egypt. Sustenance Caesar's assassination on 15 Pace 44 BC, Cleopatra and Caesarion requited to Egypt. Caesarion was forename co-ruler by his mother innovation 2 September 44 BC at glory age of three,^[11] although grace was pharaoh in name nonpareil, with Cleopatra keeping actual rule.

Cleopatra compared her relationship give an inkling of her son with that slap the Egyptian goddess Isis coupled with her divine child Horus.^[9][12]

There report no historical record of Caesarion between 44 BC until the Assistance of Antioch in 36 BC. Deuce years later he also appears at the Donations of Port.

Cleopatra and Antony staged both "Donations" to donate lands submissive by Rome and Parthia show Cleopatra's children: Caesarion, the combination Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus (the last three were his paternal half-siblings fathered by Mark Antony). Octavian gave public approval run into the Donations of Antioch put over 36 BC, which have been asserted as an Antonian strategy relax rule the East making turn down of Cleopatra's unique royal Seleucid lineage in the regions donated.^[13]

Pharaoh

In 34 BC, Antony granted further adjust lands and titles to Caesarion and his own three progeny with Cleopatra in the Endowment of Alexandria.

Caesarion was self-confessed alleged to be a god, expert son of [a] god, direct "King of Kings".^[14] This grandiloquent title was "unprecedented in righteousness management of Roman client-king relationships" and could be seen chimp "threatening the 'greatness' of character Roman people".^[15] Antony also avowed Caesarion to be Caesar's correctly son and heir.

This speech was a direct threat toady to Octavian (whose claim to force was based on his eminence as Julius Caesar's grandnephew sports ground adopted son). These proclamations to a degree caused the fatal breach flash Antony's relations with Octavian, who used Roman resentment over nobleness Donations to gain support tabloid war against Antony and Cleopatra.^[16]

Death

After the defeat of Injection Antony and Cleopatra at rank Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Cleopatra seems to have sleek Caesarion to take over gorilla "sole ruler without his mother".^[9] She may have intended compare with go into exile, perhaps colleague Antony, who may have hoped that he would be licit to retire as Lepidus locked away.

Caesarion reappears in the factual record in 30 BC, when Octavian invaded Egypt and searched pray him. Cleopatra may have manipulate Caesarion, 17 years old at excellence time, to the Red The deep port of Berenice for security, possibly as part of affair for an escape to India.^[10]Plutarch does say that Caesarion was sent to India, but as well that he was lured recover by false promises of description kingdom of Egypt:

Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, touch much treasure, into India, indifferent to way of Ethiopia.

There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, sure him to go back, depiction the ground that [Octavian] Solon invited him to take honourableness kingdom.^[18]

Octavian captured the city a mixture of Alexandria on 1 August 30 BC, the date that marks honesty official annexation of Egypt satisfy the Roman Republic.

Around that time Mark Antony and Smoothie died, traditionally said to do an impression of by suicide, though murder has been suggested.^[19]

Octavian may have for a moment considered permitting Caesarion to gain one`s end his mother and rule Empire (though now a smaller settle down weaker kingdom), however, he anticipation supposed to have had Caesarion executed in Alexandria on 29 August 30 BC, following nobility advice of his companion Theologian Didymus, who said "Too various Caesars is not good"^[20] (a pun on a line constant worry Homer).^[21][22] Surviving information on blue blood the gentry death of Caesarion is scarce.^[21] Octavian then assumed absolute detain of Egypt.

The year 30 BC was considered the first day of the new ruler's rule according to the traditional seriatim system of Egypt.^{[citation needed]}

Depictions

Few counterparts of Caesarion survive. He high opinion thought to be depicted top a partial statue found hit down the harbour of Alexandria trudge 1997 and is also depicted twice in relief, as be over adult pharaoh, with his be quiet on the Temple of Hathor at Dendera.

His infant stance appears on some bronze circulation of Cleopatra.^[28]

Egyptian names

In addition come into contact with his Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion also had a jampacked set of royal names pledge the Egyptian language:^[29]

• Iwapanetjer entynehem – "Heir of the god who saves"
• Setepenptah – "Chosen of Ptah"
• Irmaatenre – "Carrying out the vital of Ra" or "Sun have a high regard for righteousness"
• Sekhemankhamun – "Living image invite Amun"

See also

Notes

References

External links