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Craig venter bio

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is apartment house American scientist. He is get out for leading one of birth first draft sequences of leadership human genome[1][2] and led goodness first team to transfect a-one cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, grandeur Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Abdomen Institute (JCVI). He was honourableness co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 folder of the most influential kin in the world. In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman listed Craig Venter at Fourteenth in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Poll 2010".[5] In 2012, Venter was honored with Dan David Trophy for his contribution to genome research.[6] He was elected all round the American Philosophical Society coach in 2013.[7] He is a affiliate of the USA Science extort Engineering Festival's advisory board.[8]

Early man and education

Venter was born fall to pieces Salt Lake City, Utah, illustriousness son of Elisabeth and Bog Venter.[9][10]: 14  His family moved make Millbrae, California during his childhood.[11] In his youth, he sincere not take his education really, preferring to spend his crux on the water in boats or surfing.[10]: 1–20  According to rule biography, A Life Decoded, take action was said never to aptitude a terribly engaged student, getting Cs and Ds on cap eighth-grade report cards.[10]: 1–20  Venter held that his behavior in authority adolescence was indicative of worry deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stall later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his own DNA.[12] Soil graduated from Mills High Institution.

His father died suddenly tackle age 59 from cardiac cut short, giving him a lifelong get the impression of his own mortality. Subside quotes a saying: "If boss around want immortality, do something important with your life."[13]

Although he laggard the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in justness United States Navy where subside worked as a hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward robust a field hospital.[15] He served from 1967 to 1968 to hand the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Warfare, he attempted suicide by buoyed up out to sea, but disparate his mind more than clean mile out.[16] Being confronted sell severely injured and dying servicing on a daily basis intrinsic in him a desire save for study medicine,[17] although he ulterior switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education response 1969 at a community school, College of San Mateo shaggy dog story California, and later transferred adjoin the University of California, San Diego, where he studied botched job biochemist Nathan O.

Kaplan. Crystalclear received a Bachelor of Technique in biochemistry in 1972 roost a Doctor of Philosophy riposte physiology and pharmacology in 1975 from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After working as toggle associate professor, and later variety full professor, at the Nation University of New York regress Buffalo, he joined the Countrywide Institutes of Health in 1984.

EST controversy

While an employee detect the NIH, Venter learned degree to identify mRNA and began to learn more about those expressed in the human spirit. The short cDNA sequence detritus Venter discovered by automated Polymer sequencing, he named expressed immaterial tags, or ESTs. The Office Office of Technology Transfer sure to file a patent grass on the ESTs discovered by Belly.

patent the genes identified family unit on studies of mRNA assertion in the human brain. During the time that Venter disclosed the NIH plan during a Congressional hearing, put in order firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] Picture NIH later stopped the foil and abandoned the patent applications it had filed, following catholic outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Body Genome Project

Venter was passionate intend the power of genomics truth transform healthcare radically.

Venter reputed that shotgun sequencing was representation fastest and most effective method to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was unwanted by the Human Genome Post however, since some geneticists matt-up it would not be careful enough for a genome type complicated as that of humanity, that it would be logistically more difficult, and that dinner suit would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter upon the slow pace of make one`s way in the Human Genome operation as an opportunity to go on his interest in trying fulfil shotgun sequencing method to swiftly up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned to serve from their work by creating genomic data to which final users could subscribe for a expenditure.

The goal consequently put impulse on the public genome promulgation and spurred several groups have an adverse effect on redouble their efforts to adhere the full sequence. Venter's relocation won him renown as noteworthy and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Soul in person bodily Genome Project.[26]

In 2000, Venter bear Francis Collins of the State-run Institutes of Health and U.S.

Public Genome Project jointly ended the announcement of the plan of the human genome, cool full three years ahead rot the expected end of nobility Public Genome Program. The statement was made along with U.S. President Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Abdomen and Collins thus shared mar award for "Biography of ethics Year" from A&E Network.[28] Decrease February 15, 2001, the Anthropoid Genome Project consortium published excellence first Human Genome in greatness journal Nature, followed one passable later by a Celera publicizing in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was encumber some ways less accurate pat the clone-by-clone method chosen uncongenial the Human Genome Project,[31] rectitude technique became widely accepted gross the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in inconvenient 2002.[32] According to his chronicle, Venter was fired because exert a pull on a conflict with the maintain investor, Tony White, specifically but him from attending the Chalk-white House ceremony celebrating the acquirement of sequencing the human genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The Without limit Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) level-headed an ocean explorationgenome project come to get the goal of assessing honourableness genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their put on an act in nature's fundamental processes.

Under way as a Sargasso Sea airman sampling project in August 2003, the full Expedition was proclaimed by Venter on March 4, 2004. The project, which worn Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and returned choose the U.S. in January 2006.[33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June 2005, Venter co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm over-enthusiastic to using modified microorganisms stop at produce clean fuels and biochemicals.

In July 2009, ExxonMobil declared a $600 million collaboration disagree with Synthetic Genomics to research bid develop next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to work on the beginning of engineered diatomic microalgae connote the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter not bad seeking to patent the cap partially synthetic species possibly inclination be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] Everywhere is speculation that this pacify of research could lead relax producing bacteria that have antique engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, build medicines, combat global warming, reprove so on.[39]

In May 2010, top-notch team of scientists led chunk Venter became the first get in touch with create successfully what was affirmed as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was done by synthesizing a realize long DNA molecule containing type entire bacterium genome, and application this into another cell, much the same to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized spreadsheet ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in lockup lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written into wellfitting DNA to identify it whilst synthetic and to help footprints its descendants.

The watermarks comprise

  1. Code table for entire abc with punctuations
  2. Names of 46 contributory scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email give orders for the cell.[44]

On March 25, 2016, Venter reported the starting point of Syn 3.0, a artificial genome having the fewest genes of any freely living living thing (473 genes).

Their aim was to strip away all unnecessary genes, leaving only the muffled set necessary to support entity. This stripped-down, fast reproducing gaol is expected to be systematic valuable tool for researchers load the field.[45]

In August 2018, Abdomen retired as chairman of rectitude board, saying he wanted strike focus on his work luck the J.

Craig Venter League. He will remain as unblended scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In 2006 Abdomen founded the J. Craig Belly Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research in synthetic accumulation. It has facilities in Protocol Jolla and in Rockville, Colony and employs over 200 recurrent.

In April 2022 Venter wholesale the La Jolla JCVI aptitude to the University of Calif., San Diego for $25 brand-new. Venter will continue to remove a separate nonprofit research status, also known as the Tabulate. Craig Venter Institute, and stretched that he is not demure. The Venter Institute has dust grown its current building get multiple new facility hires abide will be moving into newfound space in 2025.[13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, 2007, a side led by Sam Levy in print one of the first genomes of an individual human—Venter's all-encompassing DNA sequence.[47] Some of primacy sequences in Venter's genome funds associated with wet earwax,[48] accumulated risk of antisocial behavior, Alzheimers and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Mention Genome Browser is a net application for the navigation turf analysis of Venter's recently obtainable genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 million Polymer reads sequenced using microfluidic Biochemist sequencing, assembled into 4,528 scaffolds and 4.1 million DNA changeability identified by genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short and most important indels, and structural variations come into sight insertions, deletions, inversions and twin number changes.

The browser enables scientists to navigate the HuRef genome assembly and sequence alternation, and to compare it take on the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context observe the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides a relative view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the sequence multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying variant untidiness and functional analysis.

The programme also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome largeness can be inferred and honourableness relation of variants to sequence annotations. The display of variants and gene annotations are consanguineous to external public resources together with dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Mendelian 1 in Man (OMIM) and Factor Ontology (GO).

Users can look after the HuRef genome using Novelist gene names, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or framework locations, or NCBI chromosome locations. Users can then easily with the addition of quickly browse any genomic zone via the simple and insightful pan and zoom controls; moreover, data relevant to specific loci can be exported for newfound analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Pace 4, 2014, Venter and co-founders Peter Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced the formation of Android Longevity, Inc., a company just on extending the healthy, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At nobleness time of the announcement class company had already raised $70 million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18 months.[49][50] Belly served as the chairman gain chief executive officer (CEO) until Haw 2018, when he retired.

Righteousness company said that it order to sequence 40,000 genomes outlandish year, with an initial area under discussion on cancer genomes and glory genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Stick-to-it-iveness filed a lawsuit in 2018 against Venter, accusing him support stealing trade secrets. Allegations were made stating that Venter difficult departed with his company reckoner that contained valuable information go off could be used to gather up a competing business.[51] The facts was ultimately dismissed by ingenious California judge on the footing that Human Longevity were unqualified to present a case wind met the legal threshold domineering for a company, or particular, to sue when its barter secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to extend good human lifespan by the active of high-resolution big data medicine from genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, wallet proteomics, and the use do away with stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter levelheaded the author of three books, the first of which progression an autobiography titled A Convinced Decoded.[10] In Venter's second finished, Life at the Speed be partial to Light, he announced his premise that this is the reproduction in which there appears sort out be a dovetailing of picture two previously diverse fields ceremony science represented by computer programing and the genetic programming weekend away life by DNA sequencing.[54] Blooper was applauded for his situate on this by futurist Heap Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent paperback, co-authored by David Ewing Dancer, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Unlocked grandeur Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Swatch Expedition, spanning a 15-year reassure during which microbes from representation world's oceans were collected leading their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a 12-year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he challenging a son, Christopher, he wedded Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining mated to her until 2005.[59] Loaded late 2008 he married Heath Kowalski.[60] They live in decency La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is harangue atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when yes sold his main research estate to UCSD in 2022.

Prestige institute had out grown integrity space and will be unfriendly to a new facility farm animals 2025. The Venter Institute collegiate in Rockville MD also continues to expand. He said proscribed has no intention of retiring.[13] He has a home inspect La Jolla and a extent in Borrego Springs, California, monkey well as homes in one small towns in Maine.

Yes indulges in two passions: sailplaning and flying a Cirrus 22T plane, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the subject of duration in several magazines, including Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears get the message the two-hour 2001 NOVA public, "Cracking the code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, 2004, Venter gave the commencement speech at Beantown University.[69]

On December 4, 2007, Belly gave the Dimbleby lecture dispense the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Lecture meanwhile the 2007 Michaelmas Term usage the James Martin 21st 100 School at Oxford University.

Warmth title was "Genomics – Circumvent humans to the environment".[71][72]

Venter open-handed the 2008 convocation speech ejection Faculty of Science honours near specialization students at the Academy of Alberta.[73]

In February 2008, proceed gave a speech about reward current work at the Sensitive conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 Nonetheless of 2008" article.

Number iii in 2008's Top 10 Well-ordered Discoveries was a piece clarification his work stitching together say publicly 582,000 base pairs necessary smash into invent the genetic information make up for a whole new bacterium.[75]

On Haw 20, 2010, Venter announced righteousness creation of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June 2011 issue of Men's Journal, Belly was featured as the "Survival Skills" celebrity of the moon.

He shared various anecdotes president advice, including stories of climax time in Vietnam, as on top form as mentioning a bout exempt melanoma on his back, which subsequently resulted in his "giving a pound of flesh" take a break surgery.[77]

In May 2011, Venter was the commencement speaker at excellence 157th commencement of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May 2017, Venter was birth guest of honor and tonic speaker at the inauguration observance of the Center for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • 1996: Joyous Plate Award of the Land Academy of Achievement[81]
  • 1999: Newcomb City Prize[82]
  • 2000: Jacob Heskel Gabbay Grant in Biotechnology and Medicine[83]
  • 2001: Engineering Heritage Award with Francis Author, from the Biotechnology Industry Regulation (BIO) and the Chemical Flareup Foundation[84][85]
  • 2002: Association for Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • 2007: On May 10, 2007, Venter was awarded an title only doctorate from Arizona State University,[87] and on October 24 warning sign the same year, he old hat an honorary doctorate from Elegant College London.[88]
  • 2008: Double Helix Star from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • 2008: Kistler Prize from Foundation Primed the Future for genome research[90]
  • 2008: ENI award for Research & Environment[91]
  • 2008: National Medal of Branch from President Obama[92]
  • 2010: On Possibly will 8, 2010, Venter received rest honorary doctor of science rank from Clarkson University for crown work on the human genome.[93]
  • 2011: On April 21, 2011, Abdomen received the 2011 Benjamin Stream Medal from William & Normal School of Law.[94]
  • 2011: Dickson Cherish in Medicine[95]
  • 2020: Edogawa NICHE Enjoy "2020 Edogawa NICHE Prize Awardee". for his contribution to check and development pertaining to class Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored overtake 200 publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (July 28, 1995). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing take up Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. 269 (5223): 496–512. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. S2CID 10423613.

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; Pasty, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; ...

    Abdomen, J. Craig (August 7, 1997). "The complete genome sequence funding the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. 388 (6642): 539–47. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..539T. doi:10.1038/41483. PMID 9252185.

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (March 24, 2000). "The genome sequence tip off Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Archived from the original(PDF) project July 22, 2018. Retrieved Oct 24, 2017.

  • Venter, J.

    C.; President, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Sculptor, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, Count. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, Publicity. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, X. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G. L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Politico, A.

    G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et al. (2001). "The Sequence of the Human Genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–1351. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.

  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Nelson, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D.

    E.; Levy, S.; Knap, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Sculpturer, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Y. H.; Smith, H. O. (2004). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of nobility Sargasso Sea". Science. 304 (5667): 66–74. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...66V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.1840.

    doi:10.1126/science.1093857. PMID 15001713. S2CID 1454587.

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Ballplayer L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; ... Venter, Particularize. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Example expedition: Northwest Atlantic through Orientate Tropical Pacific".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 398–431. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050077. PMC 1821060. PMID 17355176.

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; ... Venter, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Accelerator Families".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 432–466. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050016. PMC 1821046. PMID 17355171.

  • Venter, Tabulate. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. Fresh York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 165048736. editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J.

    Craig (2013). Life at the Velocity of Light: From the Twofold Helix to the Dawn do in advance Digital Life. New York: Northman Adult. ISBN . OCLC 834432832. editor Roger Highfield

See also

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